The observed red shift of light from celestial objects indicates only that photons lose energy and that the amount of energy lost is proportional to distance. There are three possible mechanisms.
1- Gravity. The light emmited from any object is slowed by the force of gravity of that object. Those objects which are so massive that their escape velocity exceeds the speed of light emit no energy and are called black holes.
2- Velocity. The relative velocity of any object will change the energy of the emitted light and so the frequency. Approaching objects will exhibit a shift toward the blue end of the spectrum and receeding objects will exhibit a red shift.
3- Decay. Photons apparently periodically spontaneously lose energy in quantum amounts (see 'quantization of the red shift'). This loss of energy in specific amounts results in the production of fundamental particles of matter having the same energy level (presumably quarks).
Hubble ASSUMED that the observed red shift is entirely due to velocity. Since the observed red shift increases with distance, Huble concluded that velocity incrfeases with distance and so proposed the 'expanding universe' and 'big bang' theories. The discovery of quasars and black holes PROVED that the most significant component of red shift is gravity. The next most significant component of the red shift is proportional to distance and is quantized. This could only be due to photon decay. This leaves velocity as the least significant component of red shift. This allows the existance of colliding galaxies which we see everywhere and explains the interstellar hydrogen and proves that the universe is not uniformly expanding.
In spite of this, traditional astronomers still worship at the altar of Hubble. Last year they performed an experiment intended to prove the big bang and expanding universe theories. The intent was to measure the reduction in red shift of previously measured objects and determine if their red shift has decreased as much as was predicted by the theories. Much to their chagrin, the red shift values had INCREASED. Not to be deprived of their favorite theory, the astronomers instantly invented a new force which they call 'dark energy'. This mysterious force is stronger than gravity and opposite in sign so that it causes all objects to be accelerated away from one another. It also has the property that it can not be detected. It is pure BS.
The universe is NOT uniformly expanding, and there was NO big bang. It appears that the universe began with the creation of light and that all matter was (and still is) derived from the decay of photons.
